1505 § f,dfrkafida o w,afïodf.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;= mD;=.Sis kdjql lKavdhu ,xldjg f.dvnei we;af;a oeka wm msgfldgqj kñka y÷kajk wk¾> u,aj;a;lska iy jeõ lä;a;lg Tífnka ^msgqmiska& msysgd ;snQ ukrï l=vd iajdNdúl jrdhg nj b;sydih idlaIs orhs' tu iqkaor f;dgqm< fldf<dx f;dg f,i tl, ye¢kajQfha le,‚.Õ uqyqog jegqKq le,‚ f;dg ksid nj ckm%jdofha lshEfjk w;r iuyre lshkafka tys ;snQ úYd, fldf<dx fyj;a fld< wU .i ksid fuhg fld<U f;dg ^Harbor with leafy mango trees& lshQ njhs'
wo b;d ckdlS¾K f.dvkeÕs,s nyq, f.kao.x riakh fok fldkal%SÜ jkdka;rhla jqjo tod msgfldgqj iy fldf<dxf;dg wdY%s; mßirh b;d is;a .kakd iq¨ ukrï u,a j;a;lska ;Kfld< msÜgkshlska iy jejlska iukaú; úh'
tjlg fldaÜfÜ rcjQ 8 jeks mrdl%undyq rjgd .id .;a jxpksl .súiqu u; mD;=.SiSSka ;u n,fldgqj iy wdêm;Hh fï jrdh iy ta wjg mqrd;a uqyqÿnv ;Srfha;a m;=rd.;a w;r fldf<dxf;dg fld<U fyj;a l<ïnq ^[lombo& f,i kï l<y' fldgqfjka msg m%foaYh msgldgqj f,i isxy¨ka wu;kakg jQ w;r bkaÈhdfõ flar<fhka fuys meñ‚ fjf<kaoka Tjqkf.a rfÜ ;srejkdmqrï k.rhg wdikak flda,ï fjr<g wdikakfha we;s fmgd ^Pettah& keue;s l=vd jrdh iy k.rh isysjkakg fuu msgfldgqjg fmgd lshd kï ;eîh' mD;=.SiSka fukau miqj 1656 § Tjqka mkakdoud fld<U w,a,d.;a ,kafoaiSkao fuu fmfoi fjf<| l,dmhla njg m;a lr.;a w;r Tjqyq wm rg ;=< jjkakg wdrïN l< l=re÷" fmd,a" rn¾ jeks foa keõ .; lsÍug fld<U jrdh Ndú; l<y'
1796 § bx.%SiSka úiska fld<U w,a,d.;a w;r Tjqka 1815 § Wvrg rcqka iu. .eiQ .súiqfuka wk;=rej fld<U k.rh Tjqkf.a w.kqjr f,i kï lrk ,§' ta jk úg iïmQ¾Kfhkau fjf<| l,dmhla njg fmr<S ;snQ fld<U ;j ;j;a ÈhqKq ù oñ<" fhdakl" uef,a" fldÉÑ" bkaÈhka" Ök" wrdì" fndard" ,kais jeks úúO cd;Skag wh;a ñksiqka .ejfik nyq ck l,dmhla njg m;aúh'
;u ksIamdok iy lDIs øjH úfoaYSh fjf<÷kag úl=KK ms‚i;a keõ.; fldg msgrg mgjkq ms‚i;a iS;djlska" inr.uqfjka" wE; reyqfKka .e,a iy ;j,ï msáka .eñfhda iy l=,S lr;a;ldrfhda fld<Ug we§ tkakg jQy' tfia tk ñksiqka ;u .e,a ksoyia fldg .jhka Èf.a,s lr .suka yeßfha ojg.y kue;s m%foaYfha nj b;sydih mjihs' tys meje;s úYd, jej ksid Tjqkag myiqfjka fldf<dï f;dgg <xùug yels fkdjQ w;r yrl=ka ojg.y mduq, Èf.a,s fldg Tre mdre u.ska Tjqka jrdh wdikakhg meñK u,aj;af;a È.dù úfõl iqjfhka ys¢ñka iqoaokaf.a iqoaÈhkaf.a /Õ=ï fukau bkaÈhka iy u,hd,ï ldrhkaf.a kQ¾;s kd.vï kdgl riú¢ñka isá nj mer‚ jd¾;dj, i|ykafõ' tl, tx.,ka;fhka kegqï lKavdhï iy bkaÈhdfjka i¾lia lKavdhï fuys meñK fld<U f;dgqm< bÈßmsg u,aj;af;a iy ;K msÜgksfha ;u fi,a,x fmkajd we;' wog;a u,aj;a; mdr hkq ta WoHdkhg .sh udj;hs' weiajdÜgqj wi< we;s ojg.y m,a,sh wh;a N+ñfha tod ta úYd, ojg.y msysgd ;snq‚' l=Kq li< tlaj wo wmsßisÿjg crdjdihg m;aù we;s fíf¾ jej tod .eñhkaf.a msmdih ksjQ iqks, Èhoyrla yd .suk ksjk c, ;gdlhla ;sî we;'
tod iqoaoka" iqoaÈhka fi,a,x fmkajQ" uyd mßudKfha lDIs ksIamdok fjkafoais jqK .ïfmr<sfha hq.dka;fha" i|yka jk msh,a,d" ihsuka" ln,dk,d ;u jHdmdrj,g w;afmd;a ;enQ w,xldr ;K msÜgksh u; flf,daksh,a l%uhg f.dvkeÕs,s bÈù msgfldgqj ;kslru iqkaor;ajfhka wE;aù f.disks' wms oeka tod fld<U .ek fkdj wo fld<U iy msgfldgqj foi n,uq'
fld<U hkq ;du;a Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk k.rhhs' mßmd,k fn§ug wkqj fld<U m%Odk fldgia 15 lg fjkalr we; fld<U 01 fldgqj jk w;r b;sßjd ms<sfj<ska fldïm[a[ ùÈh" fld,a¨msáh" nïn,msáh" je,a,j;a;" lsre,mk yd kdrdfyakamsg" l=re÷j;a;" fnd/,a," fougf.dv" urodk" msgfldgqj" w¨;alfâ" fldgfyak" .%Ekaâmdia iy uÜglal=<shhs' bka 11 jk fld<U hkq msgfldgqjhs'
nyq;rhla jeo.;a u¾uia:dk j,ska msß fld<U 01 jk fldgqjg kef.kysr foiskao" tla me;a;lska jrdfhkao" wksla miska fldgqj ÿïßhm< bÈßfhka Èjhk ´,afldÜ udj;skao" W;=ßka .Eiamy ykaÈh iy jq,aµekaâ,a udjf;kao jgù we;s msgfldgqj wo wm rfÜ we;s ckm%shu iy ld¾hnyq,u k.rh hEhs lsj yelsh'
fld<U cd;Hka;r jrdh" .ukd.uk uKav,hg wh;a m%Odk nia kej;=ï m<" úYd, bmer‚ fnda.i iy fndaêrdc úydrh" r;= m,a,sh ;=kajk yria ùÈfha uqia,sï foajia:dkh" jq,aµekaâ,a mdf¾ bmer‚ ´,kao m,a,sh" mer‚ k.r Yd,dj" ms,sma fkaß kï lf;da,sl m,a,sh" msgfldgqj fmd,sish" ueksx ud¾leÜgqj fyj;a t<j¿ fjf<|fmd<" iaj¾KdNrK i|yd m%isoaO fyÜáùÈh jeks iqm%isoaO ia:dkj,g wu;rj wo wm rfÜ frÈms<s jHdmdrfha fukau yd,a msá iSks w, Ækq l=¨nvq fnfy;a nvq jeks w;HjYH NdKav j, f;d. fjf<|du ;kslru /£ we;af;a msgfldgqfõ jHdmdr lrk fjf<÷ka w; nj ish,af,dau oks;s'
i÷od isg fikiqrdod olajd w¨hu isg f.dïuk olajd b;d ld¾h nyq, ckdls¾K jd;djrKhla msgfldgqj ù§ iy mdrj,a ;=< ;snqKo rd;%S ld,fha iy bßod Èkj, fuys we;af;a wuq;= ksy~ ksYap, njla iy .=ma; mßirhls' i;sfha Èkj, tfy fufy hk fikÕ" lr;a; ;,a¨ lrf.k iy lf¾ ;ndf.k nvq u¨ tfy fufy wÈk kdÜgdñjre" lE fudr foñka fgdhsia nvq im;a;=" frÈms<s wdÈh úl=Kk mÈl fjf<kaoka" hdplhka fjkqjg rd;%s ld,fha wmg msgfldgqfõ ùÓ w;f¾ olskakg ,efnkafka ksÈ uf;a tfyg fufyg jefkk rd;%S uqrhg fiajhg jd¾;d lrk islshqßá f,dlalka" Tfya mdrj,a Èf.a weúÈk mdovhka" N+;hka fuka tfyg fufyg jefkñka .uka lrk fínoaoka iy mefhka mehg fyda meh lSmhlska lSmhlg mefg%da,a fmd;a wiaika lrkakg weúÈk fmd,sia ks,OdÍkah'
fï whg wu;rj ;j;a fldgila rd;%shg msgfldgqjg t,s nis;s' ta fldgqj ÿïßhm< bÈßmsg we;s m<fjks yria ùÈfha uq, iy wfkl=;a yria ùÈ ueo ;u rc oyk lr.;a rd;%S ùÈ ,sx.sl Y%ñldjkah' ^.‚ldjka& Tjqkaf.ka nyq;rhla fyfrdhska l=vqj,g ;Èkau weíneys jQ lDIjQ isrere we;s b;d wixjr f,i we| me<|.;a .reirej l;d lsÍug fkdokakd .eyekqh' ks;r nq,;a úglska lg mqrjd isák fujekakshka w; ÿïjeáho iq,nh' Tjqkf.a fiajh fidhd tk i,a,d,hkaf.ka nyq;rhla fome;a;g jefkk îu;a ñksiqkah' ´,afldÜ udj;g uqyqK,d iy w÷re yria mdrj, b;d wvq uqo,g f,dþ iy wmsßisÿ ldur ;snqKo Tjqkag ;u ldßh lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH jkafka ckY+kH mdr whsfka w÷re uq,a,l wgjd .;a ;djld,sl ldâfndaâ wdjrKhla fyda lvhl w.= ms,ls' fuu .eyekqka .‚ldjka fukau uyd fydr fogqjkah' Tjqkaf.a m%Odk wruqK ,sx.sl fiajd iemhSu fkdj ;ud fidhd tk wiykldÍ wysxil i,a,d,hd nh lr Tyqf.a miqïìhg myr §u fyda Tyqf.a bfya isg fom;=< olajd iqoaO lr .ekSuh' tu ldka;djkag iyhg msßño ta wjg ieÕù isá;s' fndfyda úg tjekakl= fínoafol= ke;fyd;a fyfrdhska u;af,da,S msïmsfhl= jk w;r Tyqf.a rdcldßh jkafka fofokd ;u ld¾hhg zfiÜZ ùu whskl ieÕù isg n,d ys| jefâ WÉp wjia:djg <xfjoa§ —wfvda WU uf.a .E‚g fudkdo lrkafka˜ lshd lE .yf.k ueoaog mek msys fldghla fmkakd uEkaj iqoao lsÍuhs' tfia;a ke;akï —Tkak fmd,sisfhka tkjd' ÿjmdx˜ lshd lE.iñka mdrg mekSuhs' fuu l%shdj w;r;=f¾§ .eyeksh ;u fiajd,dNshdf.a uqo,a miqïìhg fyda lr ne¢ rka ud,hg .dkg j. lshd wjidkh' msys fldgh oel urK ìhg fyda fmd,sishg wiqjqjfyd;a we;sjk ,eþcdj ksid zliagu¾oZ miai fkdn,d ÿjf.dia kj;skafka tlaflda uOHu nia kej;=ï fmdf,ahs' ke;skï biafÜifïh' iuyre f;a fndkakg fuka ? lfâlg ßx.d ;u l,sifï fnd;a;x mshjd .ks;s'
rd;%shg tfia jqjo ojd,g fufiah' wm ks;r ks;r msgfldgq tk /ilf.kau msgfldgqj ms<sn| w;aoelSï iy woyia úuid isáfhuq' fï Tjqka lSm fofkl=f.a woyiah'
—uu i;shlg fo;=ka j;djla msgfldgq tkjd' wfma lvj; frÈ idmamqjg we÷ï wrka hkak' ux .Ekq flfkla ksid uq,skau ug fmdä nhla wdjd ;kshu tkak' ta;a oeka mqreÿhs' fufy bkak uqo,d,s,d f.dvla fyd|hs' ta;a mdf¾ hoaÈ kï yßhg flaka;s hkjd' ñksiaiq weÕguhs tkafka' yßhg mdf¾ hkafka w~q úyso.;a; ll=¿fjd jf.a' tfyu ke;akx ms,a úoy.;a;= fudkre jf.a' ta fudlo okakjo .Ekq wfma wÕ miÕ j, ta whf. w;a joaof.k úkaokhla .kak' fndrekx uy;a;fhd ;j .Ekq whf.ka wy, n,kak ux lshkafk fndreo lsh,'˜
uu ;j;a ldka;djka lSm fofkl=f.kau fï .ek úuid isá w;r iuyre ,eþcdfjka iskdiS ìu n,d .;a w;r wksla wh nyq;rhla ta we;a; njg iaÓr lf<dah'
—ux oeka wjqreÿ ;syla fï ncd¾ tfla jev' ux kdÜgdñfhla lr .y, ;uhs i,a,s fydhkafk' iuyrodg y;a wg ody fydhkj ux biair l=vq ìõj' oeka kj;a;,d wjqreÿ wgla fjkj' ta;a wfma wksla kdÜgdñ,df.ka jeä fofkla fudkd yß u;a fjk tlla mdúÑÑ lrkjd' jeä fofkla l=âfvd' mõ jefâ uykaisfhka yïn lrk odia .dKla l=vq melÜ tllg kdia;s lrkjd' fldÉpr ixúOdk u;a l=vqj,g úreoaOj lE.eyqj;a wfma Wka .djg ljqrej;a tkafk keye'˜
ta ;=kajeks yria ùÈfha bïrdkaf.a woyihs'
ldka;s wlald k.r iNdfõ r: md,sldjla fyj;a mdlsx fkdakd flfkls' fï wef.a oelauhs'
—oeka kx msgfldgqj lshkafk uy wiQÑ j<la' jeiaiodg ldkq íf,dla fj,d uq¿ m,d;u hg fjkj' talg fya;=j lvj,ska t<shg odk fmd,s;ska fmdar nE.a jf.a foaj,a fndalal= ldKq wiafi ysrfj,d j;=r nyskak neß fjkj' fudk wdKavqj wdj;a fïlg ;du yß úi÷ula ÿkafk keye' wksl mdlsx flrejdj" msgfldgqj jfÜ fldÉpr ld¾ mdlsx ;eka ;sín;a uqo,d,s, f,aishg ;ukaf.a jdyfka ;ukaf.a lfâ biairy ;uhs mdla lrkafka' msgfldgqfj ;sfhk mdrj,a yßu mgqhsfk' jdykhla keje;a;=ju uq¿ mdru jefykj' tal ksid íf,dla tl jeähs' wms lsõjg wykafk keye we;a;u lSfjd;a fmd,sish mK uÈ' ;o kS;s oeïukx jdyk íf,dla tlhs' ldKq íf,dla tlhs' folu f,aisfhkau kj;a; .kak mq¨jks'˜
uy mdrg ldrd fl<.eiSu m%isoaêfha fiï fidgq iQrd tajd yeu ;eku oeóu" nq,;a ld fl<.eiSu" is.rÜ fldg t;eku oeóu wo msgfldgqfõ fndfyda iq,nj olskakg we;s wislals; oiqkah' fudys§ka ta .ek ug úia;rhla lf<a fufiah'
—fndia" wfmau wh ;uhs jeäfhkau tajd lrkafk' jdäfj,d bkak ;eku fl< .ykjd' iuyre fld, lE,a,lska f.dÜgla .y, talg fl< .y, miafi f.dÜg .=,s lr, mdrg odkjd' b;ska mdf¾ hk whg ´l mE.s, yeu ;eku .Efjkj' ta jf.au iuyre okafk keye yßhg jeisls<shla mdúÉÑ lrkak' .shdu tkafk uq¨ ,eÜ tlu jki, ux ys;kafk wfma rfÜ ú;rhs jeisls<sj, fndaâ we|, u;la lrkafka mdúÉÑ l< miq j;=r .ikak lsh,' iuyre ,eÜ j< ú;rla fkfuhs mä fm<j,a whsfkhs ;rmamq hghs fl< .y, u, uq;% lr, ;ukag fkfuhs jf.a udre fjkjd' fïj fndre fkfuhs' ks;r msgfldgq tk ´ks flkl=f.ka wykak fndia…˜
rd;%s ld,hg msgfldgqj uÿrejkaf.a iy óhkaf.a rdcOdkshlah' flhsi¾ ùÈfha§ ug yuqjQ mrfïYa kï oñ< ;reKhd lshk mßÈ ncd¾ tfla ófhla fmdä mQfila ú;r úYd,h' uÿrefjla lerfmd;af;la ú;r f,dl=h' —fndid fufyu i;a;= fnda fjkafk wfmau whf. jerÈ ksid' b÷,a tlal n;a melÜ yeu ;eku odk ksid' ófhdkag fmdx.,a' jeys j;=r ldKq ysia Ndck ksid uÿrefjd yeu;eku' b;ska wdKavqj lE.ykj fvx.=" fvx.= lsh,'˜
wmsßisÿlu" r:jdyk ;onoh" .‚ld jD;a;sh iy iu,sx.sl fiajkh" u;a cdjdru iy Ndú;h" fjf<÷kaf.a l+g m%fhda." ;e/õlrejkaf.a iy c,anß ldrhkaf.a u.ä iy c,a;r" ó uÿre Wjÿr" NSIKh" uerlu iy fydrlu" lmamx .ekSu iy n,y;aldrh" cd;sjdoh iy wd.ïjdoh jeks fulS fkdlS lreKq ldrKd ksid tod ukrï u,aj;a;la iy iqkaor ;Kfld< msÜgkshlaj ;snQ msgfldgqj we;a;gu wo ñysmsg wmdhls'
fuhg fya;=j tys ks;r hk tk iy /£ jHdmdr lrk jHdmdßlhkaf.a fkdukd yeisÍï rgdj iy fkdie,ls,a,;a msáka tk kreuhkaf.a l%shd mámdáh;a nj ryila fkdfõ' msgfldgqj wdrlaId lsÍu iy fyd¢ka kv;a;= lsÍfï j.lSu biair kï ;snqfKa ud okakd yeáhg fld<U uy k.r iNdjghs' kj ixl,am jk fu.d fmd,sia jHdmD;shg wkqj uy k.r iNdj msgfldgqfjka w; msiod .;a;doehs iuyre iel lr;s' flfia fj;;a úúO ck fldgia ksfhdackh lrk úúO cd;Skag wh;a kd.ßl uka;%Sjreka nqre;a;lau f;aÍ m;ajqK fld<U uy k.r iNdj iy olaI wjxl l%shdYS,S ks,OdÍka m;aj tk msgfldgqj fmd,sish ;u j.lSu ukd f,i bgq lr h<s;a u,aj;a;la fkdj wvqu .dfka iykfhka iudodkfhka nvq uqÜgqjla ñ,§ .ekSug yels jd;djrKhla iys; m%foaYhla mjg m;a lrkq we;ehs wm we;=¿ nyq;rhlf.a m%d¾:kdjhs'
ñ;% Y%S lreKdkdhl
Wmqgd .ekSu Èjhsk mqj;amf;ka
